Foundations of Eastern Civilization Season 1 Episode 8 Great Ideas of the Zhou - Later Confucianism

Foundations of Eastern Civilization is an informative documentary series that delves into the intricate fabric of the Eastern world. In season 1, episode 8 titled 'Great Ideas of the Zhou - Later Confucianism', we explore the evolution of Confucianism during the Zhou dynasty.

The episode starts with a brief overview of the Zhou dynasty, which lasted for almost 800 years, from 1046 BCE till 256 BCE. The Zhou dynasty is known for its contributions to the philosophical and cultural aspects of Chinese civilization. One of the most significant developments during this time was the emergence of Confucianism.

We learn about the early teachings of Confucius, which emphasized the importance of ethics, morality, and societal order. Confucius believed that individuals should follow the path of virtue to attain the highest level of performance, which would eventually contribute to the well-being of the entire society. Confucianism also included teachings on the importance of family relationships, respect for elders, and adherence to the norms of society.

The following segment takes us through the evolution of Confucianism during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. We learn about the various schools of thought that emerged during this time, including Legalism and Daoism. The episode focuses on later Confucianism that is distinguished from its predecessors by the teachings of notable philosophers like Mencius and Xunzi.

Mencius believed that every individual is inherently good and has the potential to develop into a virtuous person through education and ethical training. He also stressed the importance of rulership and believed that political leaders should set an exemplary standard of behavior for their subjects. Mencius's philosophy laid the foundation for social harmony, which is a crucial element of Confucianism.

Xunzi, on the other hand, believed that human nature was inherently flawed, and individuals needed to discipline themselves to achieve moral perfection. Xunzi also stressed the importance of rituals and etiquette, which were a fundamental part of Confucianism.

The episode goes on to explore the Confucian beliefs on the afterlife and the role of the individual in the greater cosmic order. We learn that Confucianism emphasizes harmony with nature and the universe. It is built on a foundation of interconnectedness and mutual respect between individuals and society. Confucianism also emphasizes the importance of education and ethical training as a means to achieve personal and societal harmony.

The episode concludes with the significance of Confucianism in contemporary Chinese culture. We learn that Confucianism continues to influence Chinese society and politics. The teachings of Confucius and his disciples have become deeply ingrained in the Chinese psyche and inform the way individuals and communities interact with each other.

In the final segment of the episode, we learn about Confucian scholar Zhu Xi, who exerted a significant influence on Chinese society during the Song dynasty. Zhu's interpretation of Confucianism emphasized the importance of self-cultivation and self-improvement. He believed that the individual was the key to societal harmony, and individuals needed to cultivate themselves to achieve a state of moral and ethical perfection.

Foundations of Eastern Civilization season 1 episode 8 provides a comprehensive overview of Later Confucianism, its development, and its significance in contemporary Chinese culture. The episode also explores the role of education and self-cultivation in Confucianism and how it has become deeply ingrained in the Chinese psyche. Overall, the episode is an informative and engaging overview of one of the most significant developments in Chinese philosophy and culture.