Ep 26. Synthetic Polymers

As humans continue to innovate and progress, the demand for new materials and products has never been higher. One major breakthrough in chemistry has been the development of synthetic polymers; a type of molecule that has revolutionized everything from the clothes we wear to the cars we drive. In this episode of Foundations of Organic Chemistry, we explore the exciting world of synthetic polymers, their properties, and how chemists have learned to create them.

Polymers are long chains of molecules made up of repeating units called monomers. Natural polymers such as proteins and DNA have been studied for centuries, but synthetic polymers are a relatively recent development. Chemists started experimenting with synthetic polymers in the early 1900s, but it wasn't until the 1930s that the first commercially successful synthetic polymer, nylon, was introduced. Since then, chemists have continued to develop new and exciting polymers with an array of useful properties.

The episode begins by exploring how chemists create synthetic polymers. There are two main methods: addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Addition polymerization involves linking together monomers that contain carbon-carbon double bonds, while condensation polymerization involves linking together monomers that have different functional groups – such as carboxylic acids and amines – that react with one another to form a polymer chain. We learn about these processes through fascinating animations and demonstrations that make the subject of chemistry easily digestible.

Next, the show dives into the different types of polymers, how they're used, and their unique properties. We learn about the history of the development of synthetic polymers, starting with nylon before looking at other polymers, such as polyethylene, PVC, polycarbonate, and more. These polymers have all contributed to making our modern world what it is today, providing us with durable materials for everything from packaging and construction to cars and electronics.

Additionally, the episode covers key concepts such as monomer selection, molecular weight and how it affects the mechanical properties of polymers, and branching in polymers. For example, branching polymers can significantly alter properties such as the melting point, density, solubility, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of a material.

Towards the end of the episode, we move towards some of the challenges surrounding synthetic polymers. While there is no doubting how far polymers have come in transforming our world for the better, the downsides are becoming more apparent. Plastics, which make up a large percentage of synthetic polymers, are causing major environmental concerns, with plastic waste accumulating in seas, landfills, and even air. Synthetic polymers also have a finite lifespan. When disposed of, they do not biodegrade quickly or easily and can take thousands of years to break down. This segment provides an excellent opportunity for audience members to think of things like recycling and the impact of consumerism.

To conclude the episode, we learn about potential solutions to these challenges. These include innovations like bioplastics, upcycling, and advanced recycling methods. These innovations will play a crucial role in the future of sustainable polymer use.

Overall, Foundations of Organic Chemistry episode 26: Synthetic Polymers is an informative and fascinating exploration of the history, production, and usage of synthetic polymers, as well as the environmental concerns they present. It marks another excellent chapter in the fascinating story of organic chemistry.