Ep 11. English Constitutionalism - 1603 - 49

Foundations of Western Civilization II: A History of the Modern Western World is an engaging documentary series that explores the nuances of Western civilization and its development over time. In season 1 episode 11, titled English Constitutionalism - 1603 - 49, the focus is on the English political and legal system that emerged during the seventeenth century.

The episode takes a closer look at the time period between King James I's death in 1603 and the English Civil Wars that erupted in 1642. During this time, England experienced significant political and constitutional changes, leading to the establishment of a system that would eventually become a cornerstone of Western political theory.

The episode begins by exploring the reign of King James I, who was a staunch believer in the divine rights of monarchs. Despite facing opposition from Parliament, James continued to pursue his policies, even going so far as to dissolve Parliament on multiple occasions. After James' death in 1625, his son Charles I ascended to the throne and continued in his father's footsteps, leading to increasing tension between the monarchy and Parliament.

The episode then delves into the role of Parliament during this time period, focusing on the House of Commons, which was made up of elected representatives from various regions of England. The Commons served as a check on the power of the monarchy, and it was during this time that the concept of parliamentary sovereignty began to take shape. The program examines the efforts of parliamentary leaders such as John Pym and John Hampden to limit the king's power and protect the rights and liberties of English citizens.

The episode also explores the development of the English legal system, focusing on the trial of Sir Walter Raleigh as an example of the evolving principles of justice. The case, which was an example of the significance of common law in English legal history, marked a turning point in the use of evidence and established precedent in court proceedings.

The program concludes by examining the English Civil Wars, which began in 1642 after Charles I dissolved Parliament once again. The outcome of this conflict would ultimately shape the course of Western history, leading to important developments such as the Glorious Revolution and the founding of the United States.

Overall, English Constitutionalism - 1603 - 49 is an informative and engaging episode that sheds light on an important period in English and Western political history. Through expert analysis and historical examples, the program explores the development of key concepts such as parliamentary sovereignty and common law, highlighting their ongoing significance in modern democracies.