Ep 33. Decadence & Malaise - circa 1900

Foundations of Western Civilization II: A History of the Modern Western World season 1 episode 33 titled "Decadence & Malaise - circa 1900" explores the underlying currents of a society in crisis. The episode takes a look at the early 1900s, a period when cultural change and political unrest were rampant in Europe. The episode brings to light the societal changes marked by issues such as the decline of traditional beliefs, political instability at the core of the European continent and the increasing xenophobia that came with transformations brought about by modernity.

The episode starts by examining the disillusionment and skepticism that developed during this era. As industrialism upended tradition and brought about significant social stratification, entire social classes were displaced from their traditional jobs and ways of life. This period saw the rise of the "working class" and the emergence of a new middle class. These new classes brought with them new values and ideas that shaped and defined a rapidly-changing society.

The growing sense of anxiety and alienation was noticeable in art, music and literature of that time. This episode highlights the works of some of the most renowned cultural icons, including the likes of Walther Rathenau, Gustave Flaubert, Rainer Maria Rilke and Walter Benjamin, addressing their works and how they were able to glean the essence of their societies.

Moreover, this episode examines political developments in Europe that brought a mix of liberal democracy, authoritarianism and fascism. For example, the rise of Kaiser Wilhelm II and his push for a "place in the sun," and how his ambition led to Germany's involvement in WWI. The episode also looks at the dictatorship of Czar Nicholas II and the political instability brought about by its mismanagement.

The episode concludes with the rise of fascism and how it changed Europe forever. Fascism emerged as a movement in the early 20th century, a product of the sense of crisis that consumed Western societies during this period. This episode puts forth examples such as Mussolini's Italy and the rise of Hitler in Germany to shed light on the roots of fascism, probing its methods of control, propaganda and terror that it utilized to gain support.

In summary, Foundations of Western Civilization II: A History of the Modern Western World season 1 episode 33 titled "Decadence & Malaise - circa 1900" delves deep into a society in crisis and how the sentiments of disillusionment, fear and xenophobia marked an era of transition and transformation. The episode also examines political developments that shaped the Europe of today, including the shifts in authoritarianism and democracy, and the rise of fascism in the 20th century.