Ep 11. Nature, Nurture, and Musical Brains

Music and the Brain season 1 episode 11, titled "Nature, Nurture, and Musical Brains," examines the age-old debate of whether musical talent is innate or learned. Host Dr. Indre Viskontas explores the latest research on the brain and music, including studies on identical twins and the role of practice in musical ability.

The episode begins with a look at musical prodigies, young children who display incredible musical talent at a very early age. Dr. Viskontas speaks with Dr. Ellen Winner, a professor of psychology at Boston College who has studied child prodigies for decades. They discuss the characteristics that make a child a prodigy, and whether these traits are due to genetics or environment.

Next, the show delves into the world of identical twins who both have musical talent. Studies have shown that identical twins are more likely to share musical ability than fraternal twins or siblings, suggesting that genetics play a role in musical talent. However, as Dr. Viskontas points out, genetics is not the whole story. She speaks with Dr. Robert Zatorre, a neuroscientist at McGill University who has studied musical training in twins. Dr. Zatorre's research has shown that even identical twins who receive different levels of musical training can have differences in their brain structure and function related to music.

The episode then turns to the importance of practice in developing musical ability. Dr. Viskontas speaks with Dr. Daniel Levitin, a neuroscientist and author who has studied the role of practice in musical talent. Dr. Levitin explains that while genetics may give some people an advantage in certain aspects of music, such as perfect pitch, everyone still needs to practice to become proficient. He discusses the concept of "10,000 hours," which represents the amount of practice time experts believe is necessary to reach an elite level of musical ability.

Finally, the show examines the experience of musicians who have suffered brain damage, such as stroke or injury, and how they cope with the changes in their musical abilities. Dr. Viskontas speaks with Dr. Psyche Loui, a neuroscientist and musician who has studied the brains of musicians with and without brain damage. Dr. Loui's research has shown that even when parts of the brain responsible for music are damaged, the brain can find new pathways to compensate. This can result in unique and sometimes even better musical abilities.

Throughout the episode, viewers are treated to performances by musicians of all levels, showcasing the power and beauty of music. "Nature, Nurture, and Musical Brains" provides a fascinating look at the science behind musical talent, and offers insights into how we can all improve our own musical skills.