Ep 5. Caste: Varna and Jati

A History of India season 1 episode 5 dives into the complex and controversial topic of caste in India. The episode is named "Caste: Varna and Jati," referring to the two main systems of caste classification in Hindu society. The episode promises to explore the origins of caste, how it evolved over time, and its place in modern-day India.

The episode opens with a brief history of the varna system, which classifies people into four broad categories based on their occupation: Brahmins (priests and intellectuals), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants). The varna system is said to have originated thousands of years ago and was meant to create a social structure that would ensure the smooth functioning of society.

However, the varna system soon became entwined with the jati system, which further subdivides people into thousands of sub-castes based on birth and geography. This led to a rigid and hierarchical caste system that determined a person's livelihood, social status, and even whom they could marry. The episode delves into the religious and cultural beliefs that perpetuated the caste system, such as the belief in reincarnation and karma.

The episode also explores the darker aspects of caste, such as the practice of untouchability, where certain castes were considered so impure that they were not allowed to touch or even come near members of higher castes. This led to widespread discrimination and oppression, with Dalits (formerly known as "untouchables") being excluded from many aspects of social and economic life.

The episode features interviews with experts in the field, including historians, social scientists, and activists, who provide insights into the complexity of caste and its impact on Indian society. They discuss the challenges of dismantling the caste system and the ongoing struggle for social justice and equality.

Overall, "Caste: Varna and Jati" is a thought-provoking and nuanced exploration of one of India's most pervasive and controversial institutions. The episode promises to spark debate and discussion about the role of caste in shaping Indian society and what can be done to create a more equitable future.