Ep 44. Tokugawa and Meiji Japan

Foundations of Eastern Civilization is a fascinating historical documentary series that explores the rich cultural traditions and achievements of various ancient civilizations in Asia. In season one, episode 44, entitled "Tokugawa and Meiji Japan," viewers are transported back in time to discover the fascinating history of Japan during the Tokugawa and Meiji periods.

At the start of the episode, viewers are introduced to the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. The shogunate was characterized by an authoritarian government that aimed to centralize power and maintain social order. The shoguns were able to achieve this by creating a class system that separated people into four social classes: samurai, peasants, artisans, and merchants. The samurai were at the top of the social hierarchy and, as members of the military class, they were the ruling elite.

The shogunate era in Japan was also marked by a period of flourishing art, literature, and culture. During this time, the practice of haiku poetry became increasingly popular, and traditional Japanese arts like kabuki theater, ukiyo-e prints, and tea ceremonies reached new heights of refinement. The episode looks at a number of different art forms from the era, highlighting their cultural significance and the role they played in shaping Japanese identity.

After the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan went through a period of rapid change during the Meiji period. During this time, there was a concerted effort to modernize Japan by adopting Western technology, culture, and political structures. The Meiji restoration marked a turning point in Japanese history, as the country shifted from being an isolated, feudal society to an industrialized, global superpower.

Throughout the episode, viewers are introduced to the many challenges that Japan faced during this period of transformation. The government had to grapple with competing interests and factions, while ordinary Japanese people had to adapt to new technologies and cultural norms.

One of the most significant changes that occurred during the Meiji period was the creation of a new, western-style education system. This system emphasized science, math, and technology over traditional subjects like poetry and literature. The episode explores the impact of this shift, looking at how it both undermined traditional Japanese values and helped prepare Japan for the modern era.

The episode also examines the role that women played in Japan during this period. Women were initially excluded from the new educational system, but a growing feminist movement worked to expand women's rights and opportunities. The episode looks at the life of one pioneering feminist, Tsuda Umeko, who founded a women's college in Tokyo in the late 19th century.

Overall, "Tokugawa and Meiji Japan" is a fascinating look at a pivotal period in Japanese history. Through its exploration of art, culture, politics, and social change, the episode gives viewers a sense of the complexity and richness of this era. Whether you're a history buff or simply interested in learning more about Japanese culture, this episode is sure to fascinate and inform.