The Ascent of Civilization Season 2 Episode 1 The Carthaginians

The Ascent of Civilization season 2 episode 1, titled "The Carthaginians", explores the rise and fall of the powerful ancient civilization of Carthage. The episode delves deep into the history, culture, and politics of Carthage, from its establishment in 814 BC to its eventual defeat at the hands of Rome in 146 BC.

The episode begins with an overview of the geography of Carthage, a city located on the coast of modern-day Tunisia. The city was founded by the Phoenicians, who were skilled sailors and traders, and had a strategic location for sea commerce. Over time, Carthage became a powerful city-state with a vast empire stretching from North Africa to Spain, and from Sicily to Sardinia. The Carthaginians were known for their skilled naval strategies and their wealth, derived from their lucrative trade relationships, particularly in North Africa and Spain.

The episode delves into the political and social structures of Carthage, describing the ruling elite known as the Barcid dynasty who controlled Carthage from the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC. The episode also describes the unique system of government in Carthage, which was a mixture of aristocracy and democracy, with an elected council of 104 members. The city's military was also unique, with a combination of mercenary soldiers and citizens who fought for their country.

The episode also explores the religious beliefs and practices of the Carthaginians, who worshipped a pantheon of gods, including Baal Hammon, Astarte, and Tanit. The Carthaginians were known for their practice of child sacrifice, particularly during times of crisis, which the episode examines and contextualizes within the broader cultural practices of the ancient Mediterranean.

As the episode progresses, it explores the tensions between Carthage and Rome, which eventually led to the Punic Wars. The first Punic War in 264 BC resulted in a Roman victory, but Carthage bounced back thanks to the leadership of Hannibal Barca, who famously led an army of elephants over the Alps in his campaign against Rome. The episode explores Hannibal's tactics and charisma as a leader, as well as the challenges that ultimately led to his defeat at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC.

The episode concludes with the downfall of Carthage, which was captured and destroyed by Rome in 146 BC. The episode explores the legacy of Carthage, from its influence on Roman culture and architecture to its enduring reputation as a city of wealth and power. The episode contextualizes the rise and fall of Carthage within the broader history of the Mediterranean, tracing the interdependent relationships and conflicts between the various empires and city-states of the ancient world.

Overall, The Ascent of Civilization season 2 episode 1 provides a comprehensive, insightful, and engaging overview of the history, culture, and politics of one of the most powerful civilizations of the ancient world. Through a combination of interviews with historians and experts, evocative reenactments, and stunning visuals, the episode brings the world of ancient Carthage to life, highlighting the achievements and complexities of this remarkable civilization.