Watch Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 3

In this section we look at the differences between acids and bases, and how the pH scale rates them based on their concentration of hydrogen ions. We also discuss the structure of salts, and how water has the ability to break them apart.

In this section we discuss the structure of a water molecule, and how it's ability to form hydrogen bonds makes it an effective solvent. We also cover how it is able to dissolve many different substances and how this leads to water based fluids being able to transport many of these substances throughout the body.

In this section we go through the basic differences between organic and inorganic compounds. We also look at examples of the types of molecules and substances that are considered to be organic or inorganic.

In this section we discuss what anabolism and catabolism are, and how the processes of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis work. We go through examples of each of these and how water molecules play an important role in both types of actions.

In this section we look at the chemical reactions between atoms and molecules. We discuss synthesis reactions, where new chemical bonds are formed, and decomposition reactions, where bonds are broken down. We also cover exchange reactions and how energy is needed or released from each of these three types of chemical reactions.

In this section we discuss how hydrogen bonds can form between molecules due to the unequal sharing of electrons. We also look at how this creates polar molecules and why this prevents water and oil from mixing.

In this section we discuss how ionic and covalent bonds form between atoms. We cover how atoms share, lose or gain electrons to fill their outer electron shells. We also look at examples of each of these situations and how atoms can become negatively or positively charged.

In this section we cover the basic structure of an atom. We look at a model of the carbon atom and discuss the locations of the subatomic particles of neutrons, protons and electrons which make up the structure of an atom. We also cover the energy levels or shells that house the electrons, and how these make an atom chemically reactive or stable.

In this section we discuss the basic structure of elements, and how elements differ from one another. We cover protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic mass, and isotopes. We also discuss the major and trace elements that are present in the human body, and the percentages of each of these elements.