Ep 9. Knossos - Palace, City, or Temple?

Cities of the Ancient World season 1 episode 9, titled "Knossos - Palace, City, or Temple?", explores the ancient Minoan civilization of Crete and their remarkable city, Knossos. The episode begins by setting the stage with a brief introduction to the Minoans and their culture, before diving into the history of Knossos.

The show takes viewers on a tour of the ruins of Knossos, which is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. The hosts marvel at the intricate frescoes and elaborate architecture, and explain how the city was structured around a massive palace complex. They point out various features of the palace, such as the throne room, storage rooms, and courtyards. They also highlight how the city was laid out in a labyrinthine pattern, with narrow, winding streets.

As the hosts explore the ruins, they discuss the various theories around Knossos' function. Was it primarily a palace, a city, or a temple? Archaeologists have long debated this question, and the episode presents evidence for each interpretation. For example, the hosts note that the palace was certainly a center of power, with evidence of frescoes depicting bulls and other symbols of authority. They also point out how the layout of the palace suggests it functioned as a ceremonial center, with rooms designated for religious rituals.

On the other hand, the show also highlights how the city of Knossos was more than just a palace. The hosts visit other areas of the site, such as the agora (marketplace) and the lower town, which housed ordinary citizens. They discuss how Knossos had a complex system of water management and sanitation, and explain how the city likely served as a hub of trade and commerce. As such, the hosts suggest that Knossos was a true city in its own right.

The episode also delves into the social and cultural life of the Minoans, including their unique form of writing (known as Linear A) and their art and architecture. The hosts note how the Minoans were one of the few civilizations in the ancient world without a strict gender hierarchy, and how women played important roles in society. They also point out how the Minoan art and architecture was characterized by a fluid, organic style that was quite different from the more rigid and geometric styles of other cultures.

Overall, "Knossos - Palace, City, or Temple?" is a fascinating exploration of one of the most iconic cities of the ancient world. The episode balances detailed analysis of the archaeological evidence with broader discussions of the Minoan culture and society, making it a must-watch for anyone interested in ancient history.