Ep 3. Early China and the Mysterious Xia

Foundations of Eastern Civilization is a documentary series that explores the evolution of Eastern cultures, their traditions and beliefs, and the impact they have had on the world. Season one episode three, titled Early China and the Mysterious Xia delves into the origins of Chinese civilization.

The episode begins by examining the Xia dynasty, which existed from around 2070 to 1600 BCE, and is considered the first dynasty in Chinese history. However, the existence of the Xia dynasty is shrouded in mystery and has been the subject of much debate among historians and archaeologists. The episode explores various theories about the Xia dynasty, including the possibility that it may have been a mythical or legendary dynasty rather than a historical one.

The episode also looks at the archaeological evidence that has been unearthed from the Xia period. The discovery of pottery shards, jade ornaments, and bronze artifacts help shed some light on the rituals, customs, and lifestyle of the Xia people. The episode also examines the excavation of Erlitou, an ancient city believed to have been the capital of the Xia dynasty. The city's layout, architecture, and artifacts offer clues about the political, social, and economic systems of the Xia people.

Moving forward in time, the episode explores the emergence of the Shang dynasty, which succeeded the Xia dynasty. The Shang dynasty spanned from around 1600 to 1046 BCE and is known for its bronze artistry, oracle bones, and elaborate tombs. The episode examines the artistic and technological achievements of the Shang dynasty, including their mastery of bronze casting, their use of the solar and lunar calendar, and their development of a hieroglyphic script.

The episode also explores the religious beliefs and practices of the Shang people. The Shang dynasty was a theocracy, with the king serving as the intermediary between the gods and the people. The Shang people believed in an elaborate pantheon of gods and spirits and conducted complex rituals involving animal sacrifice and divination.

The episode concludes by examining the downfall of the Shang dynasty and the rise of the Zhou dynasty. The Zhou dynasty, which lasted from around 1046 to 256 BCE, is considered the longest dynasty in Chinese history. The episode explores the political, social, and cultural changes that occurred during the Zhou dynasty, including the emergence of feudalism, the development of Confucianism, and the growth of intellectual and artistic pursuits.

Overall, Early China and the Mysterious Xia is an insightful episode that sheds light on the early origins of Chinese civilization. The episode combines archaeological evidence, historical records, and expert interviews to provide a comprehensive overview of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. This episode is a must-watch for anyone interested in the history of China or Eastern civilization in general.