Horizon Season 2005 Episode 8 The Lost Civilisation of Peru

The Horizon episode "The Lost Civilisation of Peru" explores the mysterious ruins of the Inca civilization in Peru. The episode begins by examining how the Spanish invasion of Peru and subsequent destruction of the Inca Empire led to the erasure of much of the history and culture of the Inca people. Despite this, modern archaeologists and researchers have been able to piece together some of the complex and advanced systems that the Inca developed, including their impressive road network, intricate stonework, and sophisticated agriculture.

The episode then turns to the remarkable discovery of Machu Picchu in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, and the subsequent debates over whether the site was truly a "lost city" or simply a well-known Inca site. While some have argued that Machu Picchu was largely abandoned by the time the Spanish arrived and therefore cannot be considered a "lost city," others point out that the site's remote location and unique architecture suggest that it may have been intended as a refuge from the invading conquerors.

From there, the episode delves deeper into the history of the Inca and their predecessors, examining how they built their impressive stone structures and how they used their complex road system to communicate and transport goods across their sprawling empire. The episode also explores the myths and legends of the Inca people, including their belief in a powerful creator god named Viracocha, who was said to have created the world and the first Inca rulers.

Throughout the episode, modern scientists and researchers use advanced technology to uncover new insights into the history and culture of the Inca people. For example, they use LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology to create incredibly detailed 3D maps of the landscape around Machu Picchu, which reveal previously unknown structures and roadways. They also use DNA analysis to study the genetics of modern-day Peruvians, shedding light on the ancient migrations and cultural exchanges that shaped the region.

Overall, "The Lost Civilisation of Peru" provides a fascinating glimpse into the rich and complex history of the Inca and their predecessors. Through stunning visuals, expert analysis, and cutting-edge technology, the episode brings to life the mystery and wonder of one of the world's most fascinating civilizations.