Ep 12. Religion and Just War Theory

In season 1 episode 12 of Thinking About Religion and Violence, the focus is on Religion and Just War Theory. Host Dr. Tracy Fessenden welcomes two expert guests, Dr. Ken Foldes and Dr. John Carlson, to explore the complex relationship between religion, war, and morality.

The episode begins with a discussion of just war theory, a framework that seeks to guide the ethical use of military force. Dr. Foldes notes that just war theory has its roots in Christian theology, but has since been adopted by secular governments and international bodies. The discussion then shifts to the role of religion in motivating and justifying violence, with Dr. Carlson arguing that religion is often used to retrofit moral justifications for wars that are actually driven by economic, political, or strategic interests.

The conversation then turns to the question of whether religion can provide a moral framework that goes beyond just war theory. Dr. Foldes suggests that some religious traditions, such as Quakers and Mennonites, have developed their own ethical criteria for war resistance that challenge the assumptions of just war theory. However, Dr. Carlson remains skeptical, arguing that the historical record suggests that religion has often been used to justify violence, even in cases where just war theory has been invoked.

As the discussion continues, the guests delve into the nuances of religious concepts such as holy war, jihad, and martyrdom. Dr. Foldes argues that there is a fundamental difference between just war and holy war, the latter being a form of violence that is not bound by the same ethical constraints as the former. Dr. Carlson agrees, but also notes that the concept of just war has been used to justify some of the most brutal and destructive conflicts in history.

The conversation then takes a broader turn, exploring the relationship between religion, violence, and power. Dr. Carlson suggests that religion has often been used as a tool of domination and control, with elites using religious narratives to justify their own interests. Dr. Foldes counters that there are also examples of religious movements that have challenged oppressive power structures, such as the civil rights movement in the United States.

Throughout the episode, the guests emphasize the importance of critical thinking and historical context when examining the relationship between religion and violence. They caution against simplistic or reductionist explanations that ignore the complexity and diversity of religious traditions and their relationship to violence.

In the final segment, Dr. Fessenden asks the guests to reflect on the role of the scholar in this conversation. What is the responsibility of scholars of religion when it comes to studying and engaging with the topic of religion and violence? Dr. Carlson argues that scholars must be willing to challenge and critique the narratives put forth by religious and political elites. Dr. Foldes suggests that scholars must also be attuned to the ways in which religion can be a source of ethical inspiration and critique.

Overall, the episode provides a thoughtful and nuanced exploration of the complex and often contentious relationship between religion and violence. Through their deep knowledge and critical analysis, the guests offer fresh insights and perspectives on a topic that is of enduring significance in the contemporary world.