Breakthrough Season 1 Episode 7 What is CRISPR?

Breakthrough is a fascinating science-themed documentary series that delves into some of the most cutting-edge research and development taking place in labs and research centers around the world. In season 1, episode 7, viewers are introduced to a revolutionary new tool that is transforming the field of genetic engineering: CRISPR.

The episode, titled "What is CRISPR?", begins with an overview of the basic principles of genetics, DNA, and evolution. Viewers learn how genetic information is passed down from one generation to the next and how mutations in DNA can lead to changes in an organism's traits and characteristics.

The focus then shifts to the history of genetic engineering and the tools and techniques that were developed over the years to manipulate DNA. Researchers tried various methods to insert, delete or edit genes, including the use of restriction enzymes, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs).

But the major breakthrough came in 2012 when a team of scientists discovered a new technique called CRISPR/Cas9. The researchers found that they could use a bacterial protein known as Cas9 to "cut" or edit the DNA at a specific location, and then introduce a new piece of genetic material that would be inserted into the gap.

The potential applications for this technology are enormous. Scientists can now edit the DNA of living cells with incredible precision, essentially reprogramming them to do new things or behave in different ways. They can cure genetic diseases, engineer crops to be more resilient and nutritious, and even create new species of plants and animals from scratch.

However, as with any new technology, there are also concerns about the ethical and social implications of CRISPR. Some worry that the tool could be used to create "designer babies" or to engineer organisms that can be weaponized. Others argue that the technology could widen the gap between rich and poor countries, with only the wealthy able to afford the high costs of genetic modification.

Throughout the episode, viewers hear from leading scientists in the field of genetics and bioengineering, including Jennifer Doudna, a professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley who co-developed the CRISPR/Cas9 system. They explain the science behind CRISPR in clear and accessible language, breaking down complex concepts into simple, easy-to-understand terms.

The episode also includes footage from labs and research centers around the world, showing the CRISPR technique in action and highlighting some of the many projects that are currently underway. We see how researchers are using CRISPR to try and cure diseases like cancer, Huntington's and sickle cell anemia, and how they are engineering plants to resist pests and drought.

Overall, "What is CRISPR?" is a fascinating and informative episode that sheds light on one of the most exciting and transformative technologies in modern science. The show does an excellent job of explaining the science behind CRISPR and its potential applications, while also exploring some of the ethical and social implications of this powerful new tool. Whether you're already familiar with the world of genetics and bioengineering, or are just curious about the cutting edge of scientific research, this episode is sure to be both engaging and enlightening.