Ep 2. Can We Make a Star On Earth?

In Horizon season 1 episode 2 titled "Can We Make a Star On Earth?", the show delves into the possibility of creating a star on Earth and the potential benefits it could bring. The episode begins by exploring the sun and its incredible power, which enables life on Earth to exist. However, the episode also highlights the risks associated with the sun's energy, such as solar flares that can disrupt technology and even cause blackouts.

To replicate the sun's power on Earth, scientists are pursuing the dream of nuclear fusion - the process that powers the sun and other stars. Fusion involves combining hydrogen atoms under high temperatures and pressure to produce a vast amount of energy. If successful, fusion could provide a clean and nearly limitless source of energy for the planet.

The episode follows a team of scientists at the world's largest fusion experiment, ITER, in southern France. The project involves a massive reactor that aims to produce 10 times more energy than it consumes, making it the first experiment to achieve net energy gain through fusion. The scientists at ITER are confident that they can create a mini-star on Earth, but the challenge is maintaining the intense temperatures and pressure required for fusion.

To achieve optimal conditions for fusion, the scientists use powerful magnets to contain and heat a small amount of gas to over 100 million degrees Celsius. This creates a plasma, similar to the sun's core, where fusion can occur. The episode highlights the intricacy of designing the reactor and the challenges involved in testing the technology.

Another approach to fusion involves using lasers to heat and compress a small pellet of hydrogen to reach fusion temperatures. The episode visits the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in California, where scientists are pursuing this method. The NIF houses the world's most powerful laser, which they use to create a miniature sun on Earth. While the approach has made significant progress in recent years, it still faces challenges in achieving sustained fusion.

Throughout the episode, the scientists involved in these projects explain the benefits of nuclear fusion. If successful, fusion could provide a clean and nearly limitless source of energy, which could help mitigate climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. However, the episode also highlights the obstacles faced by scientists in achieving nuclear fusion on Earth.

In conclusion, "Can We Make a Star On Earth?" is an insightful episode that explores the possibility of creating a star on Earth through nuclear fusion. It highlights the challenges and potential benefits of the technology and showcases the work of scientists in ITER and NIF. The episode ultimately leaves the viewer with a sense of optimism about the potential of nuclear fusion and its role in shaping our energy future.