NOVA Season 12 Episode 15 Conquest of the Parasites

Conquest of the Parasites is a gripping episode from season 12 of the popular TV show NOVA. In this episode, the focus is on parasites and how they have been a major menace to humans and animals alike. The show takes an in-depth look at various types of parasites that have plagued humans throughout history, such as Malaria, Hookworm, and Schistosomiasis. The episode explores the efforts made by scientists and medical practitioners to understand the biology of these parasites and to develop effective treatments to combat them.

The show begins by providing an overview of the devastating impact that parasites have had on human health over the centuries. Malaria, for example, has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide, especially in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. The show goes on to explain how malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by female mosquitoes. The parasite lives in the bloodstream of its host, causing damage to the red blood cells, and ultimately leading to death if not treated.

NOVA then delves into the history of efforts made to combat malaria, such as the use of quinine from the bark of the Cinchona tree, which was effective in treating the disease but had its side effects. The show further describes how the discovery of the causative agents of malaria, Plasmodium parasites, and their life cycle led to the development of new treatments such as artemisinin-based combination therapy.

Next, the episode moves on to discuss Hookworm, a parasite that has affected millions of people worldwide, especially in impoverished regions. The show explains how Hookworm is spread through contaminated soil and is most prevalent in areas where open defecation is practiced. The parasite can make its way into the body through the skin, mainly through the feet, leading to anemia, fatigue, and stunted growth in children.

NOVA then goes on to highlight the work done by scientists, such as Charles Nicolle, to understand the lifecycle, transmission, and treatment of hookworm. The discovery of Ivemectin, a drug that effectively treats the worm infestation, is also discussed in detail.

Finally, the episode concludes with a discussion on Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by a parasitic worm commonly found in freshwater snails. It is prevalent in many parts of the world, mainly in Africa, the Middle East, and South America. The show explains how Schistosomiasis is contracted when people come into contact with contaminated water, leading to chronic infection, organ damage, and an increased risk of bladder cancer.

The show sheds light on the various strategies adopted by scientists to combat Schistosomiasis, such as identifying the snails that are the main hosts of the parasite and preventing the spread of the disease through appropriate sanitation methods. The development of Praziquantel, a drug that effectively treats Schistosomiasis, is also featured in the episode.

Conquest of the Parasites is a thoroughly engaging and informative episode that highlights the significance of research in combating parasites that afflict humans and animals. The episode provides an excellent overview of the biology, transmission, and lifecycle of some of the most severe parasitic diseases and the efforts made to develop effective treatments. This episode is a must-watch for anyone interested in learning about science and medicine's incredible achievements in the fight against parasitic diseases.