NOVA Season 16 Episode 21 Confronting the Killer Gene

Confronting the Killer Gene is the 21st episode of the 16th season of NOVA, a popular science TV show. In this episode, viewers are given a glimpse into the breakthroughs in genetic research and the ethical dilemmas that arise from it.

The episode starts with the story of a family with a history of breast cancer. A specific gene, BRCA1, is known to increase the risk of developing breast cancer significantly. While the family has undergone screening and preventative measures, not everyone is so lucky. In the US, over 10% of breast cancer cases are thought to be due to inherited mutations. This sobering reality forms the basis of the episode.

The story then shifts to the scientists behind the research. The driving force behind identifying and understanding these 'killer genes' are the Human Genome Project. This colossal international effort to map the entire human genome sequence was completed in 2003, providing researchers with a roadmap to explore the human genome in detail. This massive data set opens up possibilities to identify genetic traits linked to specific diseases.

Scientists at a variety of institutions are currently working on gene therapy to counteract fatal genetic conditions. In one example, researchers are working to develop a therapy and cure for sickle cell anemia. This is a genetic condition that affects red blood cells, causing a wide range of symptoms, including severe pain, infections, and a higher risk of stroke. By targeting specific genes, it may be possible to provide a cure for patients with this disease.

However, gene therapy is not without its challenges and ethical issues. One of the biggest challenges is in creating a delivery method to fully target specific genes without affecting other parts of the genome or the body. If not done correctly, there is also a risk of creating unintended mutations, leading to more harm than good.

Additionally, ethical concerns arise from the possibility of genetic manipulation or gene editing. While gene editing may be able to eliminate detrimental genes, it raises concerns over so-called 'designer babies.' There is a risk that gene editing could be done for cosmetic purposes or to create superior humans in terms of desirable traits.

Throughout the episode, scientists, and bioethicists weigh the potential benefits of genetic research against the ethical challenges and potential consequences. The show’s host interviews people with personal stories related to genetic diseases, and they express their opinions on the subject. The personal stories help to humanize the ethical debates and allow viewers to empathize more with their causes.

Overall, Confronting the Killer Gene provides an engaging introduction to the possibilities and challenges of genetic research in today's world. It touches upon subjects like important developments in gene therapy and CRISPR, and the ethical dilemmas that lie before us. The information presented in the show gets audiences thinking of an optimistic future where geneticists prevent major diseases, but also creates awareness of the caution required to avoid creating future ethical problems that could arise from scientific research on gene manipulation.